Opposition to British Rule
Key issue(s)
Reasons for their development, nature and impact: South Africa, India, Sudan, Malaya, Kenya
Reasons for their development, nature and impact: South Africa, India, Sudan, Malaya, Kenya
In all cases, the key is to bring out the range of local responses and the range of metropolitan and international factors that influence the nature and impact of opposition movements. This will link back to the previous key topic as well, on the nature of colonial governance and how colonial rule was extended into these areas to give a sense of the global variations.
One of the key questions would be the degree to which the ‘end’ of empire in these areas was to some extent negotiated rather than as a result of violent action. For example, in Malaya and in Kenya, imperial administrations engaged in violent anti-nationalist (or ‘anti-insurgency’) campaigns before leaving; in South Africa self-government was handed over to a racialized regime in 1901; in India, the degree to which nationalism, non-violence and its capacity to lead to violence or wider international issues and the effects of World War II led to ‘the end’ of imperial rule.
One of the key questions would be the degree to which the ‘end’ of empire in these areas was to some extent negotiated rather than as a result of violent action. For example, in Malaya and in Kenya, imperial administrations engaged in violent anti-nationalist (or ‘anti-insurgency’) campaigns before leaving; in South Africa self-government was handed over to a racialized regime in 1901; in India, the degree to which nationalism, non-violence and its capacity to lead to violence or wider international issues and the effects of World War II led to ‘the end’ of imperial rule.
Internet Resources
Africa
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India
- A helpful chronology of Indian independence and other source materials (British Library).
- Information about India from the Internet Indian History Sourcebook.
- More information from the next session (on Gandhi).
South East Asia